Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by an estrogen peak and an LH surge?

The phase of the menstrual cycle that is characterized by an estrogen peak and an LH surge is ovulation. During this phase, there is a significant rise in estrogen levels as the dominant follicle develops and prepares for ovulation. This increase in estrogen exerts a positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland, stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH surge is a critical event that triggers ovulation, leading to the release of the ovum from the ovary.

The dynamics of hormone fluctuations during this time are essential for the reproductive cycle. After ovulation occurs, the corpus luteum forms and begins to secrete progesterone, which is characteristic of the subsequent phases. Understanding the hormonal changes during ovulation helps clarify the timing of fertility and the menstrual cycle overall.