Which factor increases the risk of urinary tract infections in older adults?

Diabetes is a significant risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults due to several underlying mechanisms. In individuals with diabetes, especially those with poorly controlled blood sugar levels, there can be changes in the urinary tract and immune response. High glucose levels can promote bacterial growth in urine, as bacteria thrive in environments rich in glucose. Moreover, diabetes can impair the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infections.

Older adults are already at a higher risk for UTIs due to factors such as decreased immune function, potential anatomical changes, or hormonal shifts. When diabetes is added to these existing risks, it substantially increases the likelihood of developing urinary tract infections.

In contrast, increased hydration generally helps to dilute urine and wash out bacteria, thereby reducing the risk of UTIs. Frequent exercise often promotes overall health and can improve immune function. Consistent catheter use, while it can introduce bacteria into the urinary system, is not highlighted in this question as a primary risk factor compared to the systemic issues related to diabetes in older adults.