Screening for hypothyroidism is indicated in which patient group?

Screening for hypothyroidism is particularly significant in newborns due to the potential for early detection of congenital hypothyroidism. This condition can lead to severe developmental delays, growth failure, and other serious health issues if not identified and treated promptly. The universal newborn screening for thyroid function, typically through measuring TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) levels, allows for early intervention that can greatly improve outcomes for affected infants.

While the other patient groups may exhibit symptoms or risk factors for thyroid disorders, the screening protocols are more specifically tailored for newborns where untreated hypothyroidism can lead to irreversible consequences. Young females with anxiety may have thyroid-related concerns, but they are not routinely screened unless indicated by specific symptoms or history. Similarly, patients with atrial fibrillation or heat intolerance might prompt evaluation of thyroid function, but these are not routine screening indications.